authentication Archives

GitHub actions federated identity with Azure AD

24/08/202207/01/2025
by Martin Ehrnst

A long-awaited feature for many is the ability to authenticate with Azure in a GitHub workflow. For a long time, this has been an integrated feature in Azure DevOps, and for some time GitHub actions have had the ability to authenticate using Azure Application registrations and secrets. But now, we can use federated credentials which utilize OIDC- This will completely remove the cumbersome task of rotating app secrets.

Configure an Azure Application with federated identity

At my company, I have decided we should look into moving pipelines from Azure DevOps to GitHub. Federated identity is now Generally Available (GA) which means we are allowed to work with a production solution in mind. So how do you set it up? my suggestion is to follow the official guide. Below is a script that will configure an Azure AD application with GitHub authentication enabled. The script assumes you use a branching strategy. However, you can change this to be any of the other entity types, altering the federationSubcject variable.

	# creates an appregistration in Azure AD and connects it with a github repo
	# use as an example only

	[CmdletBinding()]
	param (
	[Parameter(Mandatory)]
	[string]
	$gitHubRepoName,
	[Parameter(Mandatory)]
	[string]
	$teamName,
	[Parameter(Mandatory)]
	[string]
	$branchName = "main"
	)

	$organization = "myorgltd"
	$appRegistrationName = "gh-$teamName-action-sp"
	$appRegistrationDescription = "Used by $teamName for enabeling GitHub actions with Azure AD OIDC authentication"
	$audience = "api://AzureADTokenExchange"
	$ghIssuer = "https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com/"
	$federationName = "action-$gitHubRepoName"
	$federationSubject = "repo:$($organization)/$($gitHubRepoName):ref:refs/heads/$($branchName)"

	# check if app exists
	$GhAdApp = $null
	$GhAdApp = Get-AzADApplication -DisplayName $appRegistrationName

	if ($GhAdApp) {
	Write-Output "App registration already exist. Adding new credential for specified repo $gitHubRepoName"
	$federatedCred = New-AzADAppFederatedCredential -ApplicationObjectId $GhAdApp.Id `
	-Audience $audience -Issuer $ghIssuer -Subject $federationSubject `
	-Name $federationName -Description "Used to authenticate pipeline in $gitHubRepoName"
	}

	# if app does not eist
	else {
	Write-Output "adding new app registration for $teamName with credentials for $gitHubRepoName"

	$GhAdApp = New-AzADApplication -DisplayName $appRegistrationName -Description $appRegistrationDescription
	$federatedCred = New-AzADAppFederatedCredential -ApplicationObjectId $GhAdApp.Id `
	-Audience $audience -Issuer $ghIssuer -Subject $federationSubject `
	-Name $federationName -Description "Used to authenticate pipeline in $gitHubRepoName"
	}

	$credentialObject = [PSCustomObject]@{
	ApplicationName = "$($GhAdApp.DisplayName)"
	ApplicationObjectId = "$($GhAdApp.Id)"
	}

	Write-Output $credentialObject \| ConvertTo-Json

view raw create-adappgithub.ps1 hosted with ❤ by GitHub

Configure repository secrets in GitHub using PowerShell

As you probably understand, I need to automate this entire process. If our developers are moving from DevOps to Github workflows, it has to be as easy as it can be. No one will move unless they see some benefits, and onboarding is just as easy as the current DevOps setup. I am pretty familiar with Azure as an identity platform, especially with app registrations and enterprise apps. So the above script was done quickly. On the other hand, I am not that familiar with GitHub APIs. I know there’s a CLI, but for various reasons, I need to look into the API, more specifically the repository secrets API. What you can see from the first part of the documentation is that you need to encrypt the secret before you make the put request.

Creates or updates an organization secret with an encrypted value. Encrypt your secret using LibSodium.
GitHub api docs

Now I was in trouble. Should I write everything in .NET, or is it possible to solve this using PowerShell? For sure I would be better off using PowerShell, at least in the PoC phase. First I tried to load the .NET sodium DLLs in my script, but it did not work, and the approach is not that delightful. Luckily with some search engine work, I found a module that wraps Sodium, created specifically for creating secrets in GitHub. Thanks, Tyler! See my example script below.

	# add secrets to repo

	import-module PSSodium

	$ghToken = "ghp_"
	$headers = @{Authorization = "token " + $ghToken}

	$secret = "fb4ca569-c690-4391-96d9-928e7a8fd7ff"
	$repoName = "myrepo"
	$organization = "myorgltd"

	Invoke-RestMethod -Method get -Uri "https://api.github.com/repos/$($organization)/$($repoName)/actions/secrets" -Headers $headers


	$publicKey = (Invoke-RestMethod -Method get -Uri "https://api.github.com/repos/$($organization)/$($repoName)/actions/secrets/public-key" -Headers $headers)

	$encryptedSecret = ConvertTo-SodiumEncryptedString -Text $secret -PublicKey $($publicKey.key)

	$secretBody = @"
	{
	"encrypted_value": "$encryptedSecret",
	"key_id": "$($publicKey.key_id)"
	}
	"@
	Invoke-RestMethod -Method Put -Uri "https://api.github.com/repos/$($organization)/$($repoName)/actions/secrets/AZURE_TENANT_ID" -Headers $headers -body $secretBody

view raw create-ghsecret.ps1 hosted with ❤ by GitHub

What about the pipeline?

Next, you need a working pipeline. Lucky for you the documentation is way better when I first looked at this (before GA), so the example works just fine as it is. Anyway, there are a couple of things to point out. Namely the permissions and the setting for login without a subscription ID.

	name: 'Federated identity test'
	on:
	push:
	branches:
	– main

	permissions:
	id-token: write
	contents: read

	jobs:
	build-and-publish:
	runs-on: ubuntu-latest
	steps:
	– name: checkout
	uses: actions/checkout@main

	– name: azure login
	uses: azure/login@v1
	with:
	client-id: ${{ secrets.AZURE_CLIENT_ID }}
	tenant-id: ${{ secrets.AZURE_TENANT_ID }}
	allow-no-subscriptions: true

view raw workflow.yaml hosted with ❤ by GitHub

Summary

I hope this short post on how to configure Azure and GitHub with federated identity helps you, and that it provided some more information than the official documentation does. If anything please reach out. I now have my scripts in place, and can start the full automation and migration from Azure DevOps pipelines.

Azure Active Directory

Azure token from a custom app registration

20/01/202207/01/2025
by Martin Ehrnst

There’s no secret you can get an Azure AD token and access API resources like Microsoft Graph, Azure Resource Manager (ARM), etc. It’s also pretty straightforward to authenticate a custom API using client credentials. In fact, I have written about how to do that previously where we accessed a custom API built on Azure Functions. Authentication-wise, I also wrote a post on how to access the Azure Monitor REST APIs using client credentials (app registration).

Get an Azure token with delegated user credentials from a custom API

The above examples are fine. But they both use a separate app registration for authenticating against our custom API, the Azure Function, and against ARM to access Azure Monitor. But what if I want to use my own, personal credentials instead of client credentials. For ARM resources, like Azure Monitor, Resource Graph, etc. You can do that already using Azure CLI, or the PowerShell example below.

Connect-AzAccount
Get-AzAccessToken -ResourceUrl "https://management.azure.com"

Wheater you use Az CLI or PowerShell, the output is similar to the above. you can decipher the token using jwt.io. And get a human-readable output.

Always be careful when using services like JWT.io Your token is after all your credentials and can give access to resources.

App registration expose an API

Instead of specifying ARM as we did above, you can also generate a token against your custom app registration using delegated permissions from Azure CLI or PowerShell. The secret lies in the “expose and API”, or more specifically, “Authorized client applications”.

To allow delegated access and the ability to receive a token from your custom app registration do the following

Make sure your user is allowed to access the app, you can add that in the enterprise app blade.
Create a scope under “expose an API”
Add client application(s) to the scope
- Azure CLI well-known client application ID: 04b07795-8ddb-461a-bbee-02f9e1bf7b46
- Azure PowerShell well-known client application ID: 1950a258-227b-4e31-a9cf-717495945fc2

Get access token from custom API using Azure CLI or PowerShell

Pull out your favorite shell and change you’re ResourceUrl from management.azure.com to your app id or URI. In my case, this is api://adatum-auth-test-app

After getting the token you can again use JWT.io and see the details. Pay attention to the appId and aud. AppId in this case is Azure PowerShell.

Final words

This post has been laying around in my draft for more than a year. But yesterday I got a question from a colleague about this and figured it was time to release it to the masses.

The reason I had it laying in drafts is that I am unsure of the supportability from Microsoft and the potential security vulnerability it may add to your services. However, keep that in mind and use the feature when needed.
If you want to learn more about application registrations, enterprise apps, and managed identities in general. Please read my other post about the topic.